Sample course → Hypertext and XML Data Structures, Copy

Hypertext and XML Data Structures, Copy

HYPERTEXT, HTML and XML

Hypertext is based on the concept of “Expanding Information”.
Blocks of information (text or graphics) can be linked to other blocks of information.
Once two blocks of information have been linked together, they provide an instant “gateway” to the other.
A single block of information can lead to another and so on. Information can literally expand at the user’s request.
A hypertext document is a NONLINEAR document with many links.

FATHER OF HYPERTEXT

Vannevar Bush, “As We May Think” (1933), described the Memex Machine:

“One might have the contents of a thousand volumes located in a couple of cubic feet in a desk, so that by depressing a few keys one could have a given page instantly projected before him.”

HYPERTEXT CONCEPTS

Link Originator – The starting point to the link. It is surrounded by the symbols to indicate that it is a hypertext link. Link originator is an anchor.

Link End – The other side to a Link originator, where reader is taken after a link is traversed. Link end is also an anchor.

Traverse – The act of traveling from a Link originator to its associated Link End.

HTML CONCEPTS

HTML: HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is used to create web pages and web applications. It is a markup language. By HTML we can create our own static page. It is used for displaying the data not to transport the data. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. A markup language is used to define the text document within tag which defines the structure of web pages. This language is used to annotate (make notes for the computer) text so that a machine can understand it and manipulate text accordingly.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>GeeksforGeeks</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>GeeksforGeeks</h1>

<p>A Computer Science portal for geeks</p>

</body>

</html>

COMPARISON OF DATABASE AND HYPERBASE

Hyperbase supports:

* Non-linear text
* Information expansion
* Information navigation

The Difference between Database and Hyperbase:

HYPERBASE            DATABASE
---------            --------
arbitory link        predefined index

irregularity         regularity (all the record
                     has same attributes)

good for navigation  good for data processing &
& exploration        information processing

easy to handle       more difficult to handle
exceptions           exceptions

User may get lost    User must formulate queries
in hyperspace        to retrieve information and
(disorientation)     may not find what he does not
                     know

XML: XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is also used to create web pages and web applications. It is dynamic because it is used to transport the data not for displaying the data. The design goals of XML focus on simplicity, generality, and usability across the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for different human languages. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, the language is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures such as those used in web services.

Example

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<contactinfo>
<address category = "college">
<name>G4G</name>
<College>Geeksforgeeks</College>
<mobile>2345456767</mobile>
</address>
</contactinfo>

Difference between HTML and XML: There are many differences between HTML and XML. These important differences are given below:

HTML	XML
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.	XML stands for extensible Markup Language.
HTML is static in nature.	XML is dynamic in nature.
HTML is a markup language.	XML provides framework to define markup languages.
HTML can ignore small errors.	XML does not allow errors.
HTML is not Case sensitive.	XML is Case sensitive.
HTML tags are predefined tags.	XML tags are user defined tags.
There are limited number of tags in HTML.	XML tags are extensible.
HTML does not preserve white spaces.	White space can be preserved in XML.
HTML tags are used for displaying the data.	XML tags are used for describing the data not for displaying.
In HTML, closing tags are not necessary.	In XML, closing tags are necessary.
HTML is used to display the data.	XML is used to store data.
HTML does not carry data it just display it.	XML carries the data to and from database.
HTML offers native object support.	IN XML , the objects are expressed by conventions using attributes.
HTML document size is relatively small.	XML document size is relatively large as the approach of formatting and the codes both are lengthy.
Additional application is not required for parsing of JavaScript code into the HTML document.	DOM(Document Object Model) is required for parsing JavaScript codes and mapping of text.

	June 2023
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
			1	2	3	4
5	6	7	8	9	10	11
12	13	14	15	16	17	18
19	20	21	22	23	24	25
26	27	28	29	30

Sample course